Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Amini A., Andersson M., Gupta R., Angus B.
Primary HIV infection (PHI) is important both for the individual and at a population level given the high early risk of transmission and implications for contact tracing. HIV-associated tuberculosis deaths accounted for about 25% of the total. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) remains the most common AIDS-related opportunistic infection (OI), usually occurring among those not receiving primary care. International guidelines now strongly recommend immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among newly diagnosed adults, irrespective of CD4 count, given evidence of reduced HIV and non-HIV related illness. Ganciclovir and foscarnet have been the mainstays of treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. With the availability of oral valganciclovir, this drug was compared with intravenous ganciclovir as induction therapy for newly diagnosed CMV retinitis in 160 patients with AIDS. There is little currently data to support any specific ART combination in the management of patients with AIDS dementia complex.