Yellow fever (YF) is the prototypical viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) and remains a threat for much of sub-Saharan Africa. Presently, 32 countries are at risk. The WHO estimates that up to 200,000 cases of YF with 30,000 deaths occur annually, 90% of which are in Africa. Lassa fever affects a more limited region of West Africa but may cause as many as 300,000 cases and 5000 deaths annually, as well as causing significant disability through deafness.
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