Setting research priorities helps to optimise responses to climate-sensitive infectious diseases. When it comes to infectious disease justice, it is essential to identify the just paths for building resilience. This is particularly challenging in the area of climate-sensitive infectious diseases, in which available adaptation paths differ depending on epidemic evolution and future mitigation scenarios. Moreover, due to the communicable nature of infectious diseases and poorly controlled borders, transformative changes are necessary for controlling climate-sensitive infectious diseases in regions such as South America (SA). Attributable to the particularities of this continent, some containment measures, such as lockdowns or school closures, can create unjust burdens, as the case of the COVID-19 pandemic has shown. This study shows the outcome of a philosophical conversation aimed to identify the regional background conditions that make climate-sensitive infectious disease justice in SA necessary and possible.