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The cytokine storm of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)/macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) can cause life-threatening multiorgan failure. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor blockade with anakinra can be effective in the management of sHLH/MAS. Subcutaneous (SC) dosing regimens are widely described; however, intravenous (IV) dosing is advantageous where time-critical intervention is vital and where SC oedema and/or hypoperfusion limits absorption. We review three critically ill children (aged 9, 11 and 17) with sHLH and rapidly progressive multiorgan dysfunction, successfully treated with continuous IV anakinra infusion. This case series significantly enhances the incipient knowledge regarding the safety and efficacy of IV anakinra for life-threatening sHLH.

Original publication

DOI

10.1002/pbc.29102

Type

Journal article

Journal

Pediatr Blood Cancer

Publication Date

09/2021

Volume

68

Keywords

IL-1 blockade, cytokine storm, intravenous anakinra, macrophage activation syndrome, secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Administration, Intravenous, Child, Critical Illness, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Humans, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein, Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic, Macrophage Activation Syndrome, Multiple Organ Failure