Dengue Virus Biosafety: An Analysis of Evidence, Global Inconsistencies, and Risk Gaps

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) poses a significant global health threat, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, where it is primarily transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. Its biosafety and biosecurity management present unique challenges due to both its vector-borne nature and rare instances of nonvector transmission. Methods: This study reviews existing practices in laboratory containment, risk group classifications, and infectious dose data related to DENV. We conducted a global analysis of current biosafety standards, identifying gaps and inconsistencies in containment protocols and risk group designations across various regions. Discussion and Conclusion: Our review reveals substantial variability in global standards for biosafety levels and risk group classifications. These inconsistencies complicate DENV research, containment efforts, and responses to outbreaks. The lack of harmonization between different countries’ guidelines has hindered efforts to mitigate risks associated with DENV handling and outbreak management. The findings underscore the urgent need for harmonized, evidence-based guidelines to standardize biosafety practices globally. A unified approach to laboratory containment, risk group classifications, and infectious dose data will help mitigate risks, improve containment, and enhance preparedness for DENV outbreaks. Significance: Addressing these biosafety and biosecurity inconsistencies is crucial for strengthening global health security. Improved standards and consistent practices will reduce the burden of DENV-related diseases and enhance global preparedness to manage future outbreaks effectively.