Mortality and hospitalization in patients after amputation: A comparison between patients with and without diabetes

OBJECTIVE - We sought to compare the risk of mortality and hospitalization between patients with and without diabetes following incident lower-extremity amputation (LEA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We performed a retrospective data-linkage review of all incident amputations between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 1995. Patients were categorized according to their diabetes status. Follow-up for mortality was until 1 January 2005 and until 31 March 1996 for hospitalization. RESULTS - Of 390 major-incident LEAs performed during the study period, 119 (30.5%) were in patients with diabetes and 271 (69.5%) were in nondiabetic subjects. The median time to death was 27.2 months in patients with diabetes compared with 46.7 months for patients without (P = 0.01). Diabetic subjects had a 55% greater risk of death than those without diabetes. The risk of developing congestive cardiac failure with diabetes was 2.26 (95% CI 1.12-4.57) and of further amputation was 1.95 (1.14-3.33) times that of a patient without diabetes after incident LEA. CONCLUSIONS - After LEA, patients with diabetes have an increased risk of death compared with nondiabetic patients. Efforts should be made to minimize these risks with aggressive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and management of cardiac failure. © 2006 by the American Diabetes Association.